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Requirements for Graduate Degrees


Following are detailed requirements for the master's degree and the doctoral degree:

The Master's Degree

Berkeley offers instruction leading to both academic and professional degrees. For specific regulations governing the professional master's degrees, see the individual Announcements of the colleges and schools. This section will deal primarily with the academic master's degree.

Academic Residence Requirement

A minimum of two semesters of academic residence is required for the master's degree. Academic residence is defined as enrollment in at least 4 units in 100-200 series courses. Specific subject requirements and performance levels are set by the schools, departments, and groups.

Transfer of Credit from Other Institutions

To request a transfer of units, ask your graduate adviser to make a formal request to the dean of the Graduate Division specifying the units and courses involved. Your credits may be transferable if (l) the units involved are equivalent to work normally offered within your current program of study, (2) the grade recorded was at least a B, and (3) you have a superior scholastic record (at least a 3.3) at both your original institution and at Berkeley. No more than 4 semester or 6 quarter units are transferable, and the work must have been completed previously in graduate status at an institution of high standing. The units transferred cannot be used to reduce the minimum required in the 200 series courses or the minimum residence requirement.

Work that formed part of the program for a master's degree previously conferred (either at the University of California or elsewhere) may not be applied toward a current degree program.

Credit for graduate work that you completed on other campuses of the University of California may be granted in excess of 6 quarter units or 4 semester units. Requests may be made at the time of advancement to candidacy.

Concurrent Enrollment — University Extension

Courses taken concurrently through University Extension but held on the Berkeley campus under the instruction of a regular member of the Berkeley faculty are generally not applicable toward a Berkeley master's degree. These courses are intended to provide Extension students with an opportunity to take courses that would not ordinarily be available to them. Concurrent enrollment cannot replace normal registration by Berkeley graduate students, nor may it be used to accumulate credit toward a Berkeley degree by an individual not formally admitted to graduate standing at Berkeley.

Academic Master's Degree Plans

If you work toward an academic master's degree on the Berkeley campus, you will pursue one of two plans, as determined by your school, department, or group. (Units may adopt either or both plans and will, in the latter case, designate which plan you are to follow.)

Plan I requires at least 20 semester units of upper division and graduate courses and a thesis. At least 8 of these units must be in graduate courses (200 series) in your major subject. Course units are not granted for the thesis.

Plan II requires at least 24 semester units of upper division and graduate courses, followed by a comprehensive final examination administered by your school, department, or group. At least 12 of the units must be in graduate courses in your major subject.

Please note: Departments, schools, and groups may have performance standards that are higher than the minimum B average required by the Graduate Division. Further requirements are specified by the major department.

Advancement to Candidacy

When you complete the requirements for your degree, you will not automatically be admitted to candidacy for the master’s degree; you must make a formal application to the dean of the Graduate Division no later than the end of the fifth week of the semester in which your degree will be awarded. The application must be approved by the head graduate adviser in your major school, department, or group and must include a precise statement of the studies on which the application is based. If you are to submit a thesis, however, you should consult your adviser as early as possible about advancement to candidacy so that the appropriate committee can be formed. You will not receive the degree unless you have been advanced to candidacy. The Graduate Division will also not accept a thesis that involves human or animal subjects without official evidence of an approved protocol number from the appropriate committee.

Use of human subjects or animal subjects: If the research for a master’s thesis involves the use of human subjects, the student is required to have an approved protocol from the Committee for Protection of Human Subjects (see cphs.berkeley.edu) before beginning any research. Students using human subjects also must complete the “Course in the Protection of Human Subjects” (referred to as the CITI course), which is available online (www.citiprogram.org), and print out the certificate of completion. The certificate of completion must be submitted with the advancement form.

Students whose research projects involve the proposed use of live vertebrate animals must contact the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC, 642-8855) before the initiation of research and, if so advised by the ACUC, (a) the faculty member who is supervising the research must obtain ACUC approval prior to any proposed use of live vertebrate animals, and (b) the student must ask the ACUC to inform the Graduate Division of the adviser’s approved Master Animal Use Protocol number within six months of the advancement to candidacy date.

The Master's Thesis

If you are following Plan I, described above, you must submit a thesis, according to the strict format described in “Instructions for Preparing and Filing Your Thesis or Dissertation.”

The thesis constitutes a report, in as brief a form as possible, of results obtained in an original investigation of a problem. The problem in question is discreet in scope; however, the thesis should be comparable in style, organization, and depth of understanding to investigations of greater scope, such as the dissertations of doctoral candidates.

You must submit your thesis to a committee of three members of the faculty appointed by the dean of the Graduate Division. One member of the committee should be chosen from a department other than that of your major subject. You are required to confer with all members of your committee before beginning your thesis; since the committee is not appointed until you are advanced to candidacy, you should not begin thesis work before advancement in order to avoid extensive revisions. You are responsible for placing the completed thesis in the hands of your committee members.

If a thesis is not completed within three years, candidacy for the master’s degree will lapse automatically at the end of that time. You can be reinstated, however, upon the recommendation of the head graduate adviser to the dean at the time your thesis committee members have approved a final draft of your thesis.

If all three members of your committee approve the thesis, they sign your thesis title page. You then file two copies of the thesis with the Graduate Division for later deposit in the University library. If any member of your committee doubts the acceptability of the thesis, the committee chair convenes the committee to discuss it. If the committee reaches agreement on its acceptability, the thesis is signed and filed as described above.

If the committee continues to disagree, the thesis is sent to the dean of the Graduate Division with a brief statement of each committee member’s opinion. If all members of the committee reject the thesis, it is sent to the dean with a statement to that effect by the committee chair. In cases of a split vote, the Administrative Committee of the Graduate Council makes the final decision. For filing deadlines, refer to the Graduate Division web site.

The Doctoral Degree

Berkeley offers both academic and professional degrees. Professional degree programs are outlined in the individual announcements of the colleges and schools offering them. The general procedures given in this section apply primarily to the academic doctoral degree.

The Doctor of Philosophy degree is not granted solely for fulfilling technical requirements such as academic residence and completion of specified courses; it is awarded in recognition of a student's knowledge of a broad field of learning and for distinguished accomplishment in that field through an original contribution of significant knowledge and ideas. The student's research must reveal high critical ability and powers of imagination and synthesis.

Programs of Study

Programs of study for doctoral degrees are more individualized than those for master's degrees, permitting more specialization within a field or the establishment of connections among fields. Nevertheless, if you are seeking a doctoral degree, you must have your program of study approved by the graduate adviser of the department or group to which you are admitted or later transferred. University policy mandates continuous registration from entrance until receipt of the degree.

Your major department will offer the majority of your course work, but it is recommended that you enroll in courses offered by other units that are related to your field(s) of interest. You should confer with your graduate adviser to select the sequence of courses that will best prepare you for the qualifying examinations and your proposed research work.

Academic Residence Requirement

A minimum of two years or four semesters of academic residence is required for the Ph.D. degree. For a joint doctoral degree, a minimum of one year of academic residence is required at each campus. Academic residence is defined as enrollment in at least 4 units in 100-200 courses. The period during which you are allowed to be in candidacy is limited; after its expiration your candidacy for the degree will lapse. You should consult your department or the Graduate Division for the time permitted in candidacy for your major.

Foreign Language Requirement

The foreign language requirement ensures that you have the ability to acquire wide knowledge in your field of study and to keep up with foreign developments in your field. You are urged to complete the foreign language requirement early in your graduate career. You must fulfill the foreign language requirement before admission to the qualifying examinations and advancement to candidacy. Each graduate program may have somewhat different foreign language requirements. If you are a prospective student, you are urged to inquire about the foreign language requirement as soon as possible and, if you can, to fulfill it while still an undergraduate. In some graduate programs, applicants for admission must have satisfied the foreign language requirement before applying.

Qualifying Examinations

Before you are admitted to candidacy, you must pass a qualifying examination administered by a four- or five-member committee approved by the Graduate Council. An oral component is required. You must be registered in the semester in which you take the examination, and you must have removed any previous deficiencies in training, including incomplete grades in courses that your graduate adviser required for your program. You must have maintained at least a B average in all course work that you undertook in graduate status, and you must have fulfilled the language requirement(s).

Please note: Departments, schools, and groups may have performance standards that are higher than the minimum B average required by the Graduate Division. They also may require passage of preliminary examinations before a student is eligible to apply for the qualifying examination.

Advancement to Candidacy

You must apply for advancement to candidacy, on a form furnished by the Graduate Division, no later than the semester following the one in which you passed your qualifying examination. For students whose majors are elibible for the Dean's Normative Time Fellowship Program (see the Normative Time list below), applications for advancement to candidacy must be submitted by the deadline for this program: the last day of the fall semester for a fall advancement and June 30 for a spring advancement. The completed form, to be filed with Graduate Services: Degrees, 318 Sproul Hall, is available from the Graduate Division web site. It must bear the endorsement of the head graduate adviser and dissertation chair. You must pay a fee of $65 when you file the application, and you must have completed all requirements for the doctoral degree except the dissertation before you may be advanced to candidacy.

Reduced Nonresident Tuition

For graduate students who have been advanced to candidacy for the doctorate, the annual nonresident tuition fee is reduced by 75 percent, subject to the understanding that: (a) graduate doctoral students may receive the reduced nonresident tuition rate for a maximum calendar period of three years; and (b) all such students who continue to be enrolled or who re-enroll after the three-year period will be charged the full nonresident tuition rate that is in effect at that time.

Normative Time-Doctoral Students

Normative Time is the elapsed time (calculated to the nearest semester) that students would need to complete all requirements for the doctorate, assuming that they are engaged in full-time study and making satisfactory progress toward their degrees. Normative times for doctoral programs have been recommended by department faculty and approved by the Graduate Council. Normative Time has two components: (1) time from the beginning of the student’s graduate work to advancement to doctoral candidacy; and (2) time in candidacy until the dissertation is filed. Most departments at Berkeley have total normative times of five to six years (10 to 12 semesters).

Calculation of Normative Time in Candidacy

The Graduate Division computes a student’s time in candidacy from the semester following the one in which the student has formally been advanced to candidacy, not simply the semester following the Qualifying Exam. Delays in applying for advancement to candidacy limit the student’s actual time as a candidate and may jeopardize his or her full eligibility for the Dean’s Normative Time Fellowship, if in a qualified major.

The Dean’s Normative Time Fellowship (DNTF)

The Dean’s Normative Time Fellowship provides an incentive for students in participating programs to advance to candidacy within normative time to advancement and to graduate by the expiration of their major’s normative time in candidacy. For a list of departments and graduate groups that participate in the program and fellowship amounts, see www.grad.berkeley.edu/policies/dntf.shtml.

Students who are advanced for candidacy within normative time receive a two-semester stipend, plus fees (and nonresident tuition for international students). Those who are advanced within the following year receive a one-semester stipend, plus fees (and nonresident tuition for international students). Students may use the DNTF after advancement to candidacy and before the expiration of normative times for completion of the doctorate in their disciplines. The DNTF should allow students to make substantial progress on their dissertations without the need to work. As a result, students may not use the DNTF while the University employs them.

For more information on lapsing and termination of candidacy, see the Guide to Graduate Policy, available in department offices and on the Graduate Division web site.

The following normative times in semesters have been established for doctoral programs only. These times do not include the acquisition of a master’s degree. You should consult with your program if you plan to earn a master’s degree as well as a doctorate as that may change normative time calculations.

African American Studies (12)*

Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry (13)

Agricultural and Resource Economics (12)

Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology (14)*

Anthropology (12)*

Applied Mathematics (11)

Applied Science and Technology (11)

Architecture (12)*

Asian Studies (10)*

Astrophysics (12)

Bioengineering (10)

Biophysics (12)

Biostatistics (10)

Buddhist Studies (14)*

Business Administration (10)

Chemical Engineering (10)

Chemistry (10)

City and Regional Planning (10)*

Classical Archaeology (14)*

Classics (14)*

Comparative Biochemistry (10)

Comparative Literature (14)*

Computer Science (10)

Demography (10)*

Earth and Planetary Science (10)

East Asian Languages and Cultures:

Chinese (14),* Japanese (14)*

Economics (10)*

Education (12)*

Endocrinology (10)

Energy and Resources (10)

Engineering (10)

Nuclear Engineering (12)

English (12)*

Environmental Health Sciences (10)

Environmental Science, Policy, and Management (10)

Epidemiology (12)

Ethnic Studies (12)*

French (10)*

Geography (12)*

Geology (see Earth and Planetary Science)

Geophysics (see Earth and Planetary Science)

German (12)*

Health Services and Policy Analysis (12)

Hispanic Languages and Literatures (10)*

History (12)*

Additional Languages (14)*

History of Art (14)*

Infectious Diseases and Immunity (11)

Information Management and Systems (12)*

Integrative Biology (10)

Italian Studies (12)*

Jewish Studies (with GTU) (10)*

Jurisprudence and Social Policy: Ph.D. (12)*

Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning (10)*

Latin American Studies (12)*

Logic and the Methodology of Science (11)

Mathematics (11)

Medical Anthropology (with UCSF) (12)*

Microbiology (10)

Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition (10)

Molecular and Cell Biology (11)

Music (12)

Ethnomusicology (14)

Near Eastern Religions (with GTU) (10)*

Near Eastern Studies (14)*

Neuroscience (10)

Performance Studies (10)*

Philosophy (12)*

Ancient Philosophy (14)*

Physics (12)

Plant Biology (10)

Political Science (12)*

Psychology (10)

Public Health (10)

Public Policy (12)*

Rhetoric (12)*

Romance Languages and Literatures: French (12),*

Italian (12)*, Spanish (12)*

Scandinavian Languages and Literatures (12)*

Science and Mathematics Education (10)

Slavic Languages and Literatures (12)*

Social Welfare (10)*

Sociology (12)*

Sociology and Demography (10)*

South and Southeast Asian Studies (14)*

Special Education (with SFSU) (12)*

Statistics (10)

Vision Science (10)


*This major is eligible for the Dean's Normative Time Fellowship.

The Candidate's Degree

The degree "Candidate in Philosophy," which gives formal recognition to a definite state of progress toward the doctorate, may be awarded when you are advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree. The list of graduate degree programs that award the "Candidate in Philosophy" degree is available from Graduate Services: Degrees, 318 Sproul Hall.

Annual Review of Doctoral Candidates

The Graduate Council requires all doctoral students who have been advanced to candidacy to meet annually with at least two members of their dissertation committees to discuss progress during the last year and to set goals for the next. Students who are away from campus may complete the evaluation by mail. Departments may use their own form or one developed by the Graduate Division for this purpose. A copy of the evaluation must be forwarded to the Graduate Division, 318 Sproul Hall.

The Doctoral Dissertation

The dissertation, the product of independent investigation under faculty supervision, is the most important requirement for the doctoral program; the degree is never granted for completion of course work only, no matter how extensive. The dissertation must be submitted to the committee in charge (see below) and must receive its approval. The dissertation must be filed according to the procedures established by the Graduate Council regarding the presentation of dissertations. The format of the doctoral dissertation must be filed according to the "Instructions for Preparing and Filing Your Thesis or Dissertation" at www.grad.berkeley.edu/policies/pdf/disguide.pdf. You are to work under one of two plans, as adopted by the department, school, or group:

Plan A: On behalf of the Graduate Council, the Graduate Division appoints a committee of five Academic Senate members which determines whether you have met the requirements for the degree. Three members of the committee, one of whom must be from a department other than that of your major subject, guide you in research and judge the merits of your dis- sertation. The entire committee conducts a final oral examination dealing with the relationship between your dissertation and the general field of study in which the subject of the dissertation lies. Admission to the final oral examination may be restricted to the members of the committee, members of the Academic Senate, and guests of equivalent rank from other institutions.

Plan B: On behalf of the Graduate Council, the Graduate Division appoints a committee of three Academic Senate members, one of whom must be from a department other than that of your major subject, to guide you in research and judge the merits of your dissertation. This committee may require any necessary conferences to elucidate the subject treated in the dissertation. After presentation of the disserta- tion but before final action is taken upon it, the committee may, if necessary, require you to defend the dissertation in a formal oral examination.

After your committee has approved your dissertation, you will file your manuscript with the Graduate Division (318 Sproul Hall) according to “Instructions for Preparing and Filing Your Thesis or Dissertation” by the deadline specified for the semester by which you wish to receive your degree. At the same time, you must also file an abstract of the dissertation, no longer than 350 words and signed by the committee chair.

See the "Master's Thesis" section for procedures to be followed if committee members disagree about the acceptability of your dissertation.

Programs using Plan A and Plan B are listed below.

Plan A

Buddhist Studies

Interdisciplinary Program

Logic and the Methodology of Science

Near Eastern Religions

Plan B

African American Studies

Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry

Agricultural and Resource Economics

Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology

Anthropology

Applied Mathematics

Applied Science and Technology

Architecture

Asian Studies

Astrophysics

Bioengineering

Biophysics

Biostatistics

Business Administration

Chemical Engineering

Chemistry

Chinese Language

City and Regional Planning

Classical Archaeology

Classics

Comparative Biochemistry

Comparative Literature

Computer Science

Demography

Earth and Planetary Science

Economics

Education

Educational Leadership

Endocrinology

Energy and Resources

Engineering

Engineering Science

English

Environmental Health Sciences

Environmental Science, Policy, and Management

Epidemiology

Ethnic Studies

French

Geography

German

Health Services and Policy Analysis

Hispanic Languages and Literatures

History

History of Art

Infectious Diseases and Immunity

Information Management and Systems

Integrative Biology

Italian Studies

Japanese Language

Jewish Studies

Jurisprudence and Social Policy

Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning

Latin American Studies

Linguistics

Mathematics

Medical Anthropology

Microbiology

Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition

Molecular and Cell Biology

Molecular Toxicology

Music

Near Eastern Studies

Neuroscience

Performance Studies

Philosophy

Physics

Plant Biology

Political Science

Psychology

Public Health

Public Policy

Rhetoric

Romance Languages and Literatures—Emphases: French, Italian, Spanish

Scandinavian Languages and Literatures

Science and Mathematics Education

Slavic Languages and Literatures

Social Welfare

Sociology

Sociology and Demography

South and Southeast Asian Studies

Special Education

Statistics

Vision Science

Minimum Requirements

All the procedures and regulations described above and in the preceding section on master's degrees constitute the minimum requirements for higher degrees, as set by the Graduate Division. Each academic unit may adopt additional requirements, as approved by the dean of the Graduate Division and the Graduate Council, according to the demands of its field of study.

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